Quick Reference
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fossil info checkin-name
You are perhaps reading this page from the following URL:
http://fossil-scm.org/home/doc/trunk/www/checkin_names.wiki
The URL above is an example of an embedded documentation page in Fossil. The bold term of the pathname is a check-in name that determines which version of the documentation to display.
Fossil provides a variety of ways to specify a check-in. This document describes the various methods.
Canonical Check-in Name
The canonical name of a check-in is the hash of its manifest expressed as a long lowercase hexadecimal number. For example:
fossil info e5a734a19a9826973e1d073b49dc2a16aa2308f9
The full 40 or 64 character hash is unwieldy to remember and type, though, so Fossil also accepts a unique prefix of the hash, using any combination of upper and lower case letters, as long as the prefix is at least 4 characters long. Hence the following commands all accomplish the same thing as the above:
fossil info e5a734a19a9 fossil info E5a734A fossil info e5a7
Many web interface screens identify check-ins by 10- or 16-character prefix of canonical name.
Tags And Branch Names
Using a tag or branch name where a check-in name is expected causes Fossil to choose the most recent check-in with that tag or branch name. So for example, the most recent check-in that is tagged with "release" as of this writing is [b98ce23d4fc]. The command:
fossil info release
…results in the following output:
hash: b98ce23d4fc3b734cdc058ee8a67e6dad675ca13 2020-08-20 13:27:04 UTC parent: 40feec329163103293d98dfcc2d119d1a16b227a 2020-08-20 13:01:51 UTC tags: release, branch-2.12, version-2.12.1 comment: Version 2.12.1 (user: drh)
There are multiple check-ins that are tagged with "release" but (as of this writing) the [b98ce23d4fc] check-in is the most recent so it is the one that is selected.
Note that unlike some other version control systems, a "branch" in Fossil is not anything special: it is simply a sequence of check-ins that share a common tag, so the same mechanism that resolves tag names also resolves branch names.
Note also that there can — in theory, if rarely in practice — be an ambiguity between tag names and canonical names. Suppose, for example, you had a check-in with the canonical name deed28aa99… and you also happened to have tagged a different check-in with "deed2". If you use the "deed2" name, does it choose the canonical name or the tag name? In such cases, you can prefix the tag name with "tag:". For example:
fossil info tag:deed2
The "tag:deed2" name will refer to the most recent check-in tagged with "deed2" rather than the check-in whose canonical name begins with "deed2".
Whole Branches
Usually when a branch name is specified, it means the latest check-in on that branch, but for some commands (ex: purge) a branch name on the argument means the earliest connected check-in on the branch. This seems confusing when being explained here, but it works out to be intuitive in practice.
For example, the command "fossil purge XYZ" means to purge the check-in XYZ and all of its descendants. But when XYZ is in the form of a branch name, one generally wants to purge the entire branch, not just the last check-in on the branch. And so for this reason, commands like purge will interpret a branch name to be the first check-in of the branch rather than the last. If there are two or more branches with the same name, then these commands will select the first check-in of the branch that has the most recent check-in. What happens is that Fossil searches for the most recent check-in with the given tag, just as it always does. But if that tag is a branch name, it then walks back down the branch looking for the first check-in of that branch.
Again, this behavior only occurs on a few commands where it make sense.
Timestamps
A timestamp in one of the formats shown below means the most recent check-in that occurs no later than the timestamp given:
- YYYY-MM-DD
- YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM
- YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
- YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS
- YYYYMMDD
- YYYYMMDDHHMM
- YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
In the second through the fourth forms, the space between the day and the year can optionally be replaced by an uppercase T, and the entire timestamp can optionally be followed by "z" or "Z". In the fourth form with fractional seconds, any number of digits may follow the decimal point, though due to precision limits only the first three digits will be significant. The final three pure-digit forms without punctuation are only valid if the number they encode is not also the prefix of an artifact hash.
In its default configuration, Fossil interprets and displays all dates in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). This tends to work the best for distributed projects where participants are scattered around the globe. But there is an option on the Admin/Timeline page of the web interface to switch to local time. The "Z" suffix on a timestamp check-in name is meaningless if Fossil is in the default mode of using UTC for everything, but if Fossil has been switched to local time mode, then the "Z" suffix means to interpret that particular timestamp using UTC instead of local time.
You may prefix a timestamp with the string “date:”, in which case processing stops immediately, whether the string is parsed correctly and refers to anything within the repository or not. The prefix is therefore useful when the date could be misinterpreted as a tag. For example, a repo could have release tags like “2020-04-01”, the date the release was cut, but you could force Fossil to interpret that string as a date rather than as a tag by passing “date:2020-04-01”.
For an example of how timestamps are useful, consider the homepage for the Fossil website itself:
http://fossil-scm.org/home/doc/trunk/www/index.wiki
The bold component of that URL is a check-in name. To see the stored content of the Fossil website repository as of January 1, 2009, one has merely to change the URL to the following:
http://fossil-scm.org/home/doc/2009-01-01/www/index.wiki
(Note that this won't roll you back to the skin and other cosmetic configurations as of that date. It also won't change screens like the timeline, which has an independent date selector.)
Tag And Timestamp
A check-in name can also take the form of a tag or branch name followed by a colon and then a timestamp. The combination means to take the most recent check-in with the given tag or branch which is not more recent than the timestamp. So, for example:
fossil update trunk:2010-07-01T14:30
Would cause Fossil to update the working check-out to be the most recent check-in on the trunk that is not more recent than 14:30 (UTC) on July 1, 2010.
Root Of A Branch
A branch name that begins with the "root:" prefix refers to the last check-in on the parent branch prior to the beginning of the branch. Such a label is useful, for example, in computing all diffs for a single branch. The following example will show all changes in the hypothetical branch "xyzzy":
fossil diff --from root:xyzzy --to xyzzy
That doesn't do what you might expect after you merge the parent branch's changes into the child branch: the above command will include changes made on the parent branch as well.
You can solve this by using the prefix "merge-in:" instead of "root:" to tell Fossil to find the most recent merge-in point for that branch. The resulting diff will then show only the changes in the branch itself, omitting any changes that have already been merged in from the parent branch.
The prefix "start:" gives the first check-in of the named branch.
The prefixes "root:" and "merge-in:" can be chained: one can say for example
fossil info merge-in:xyzzy:2022-03-01
to get informations about the most recent merge-in point on the branch "xyzzy" that happened on or before March 1, 2022.
Special Tags
The tag "tip" means the most recent check-in. The "tip" tag is practically equivalent to the timestamp "9999-12-31".
This special name works anywhere you can pass a "NAME", such as with /info URLs:
http://localhost:8080/info/tip
There are several other special names, but they only work from within a check-out directory because they are relative to the current checked-out version:
- "current": the current checked-out version
- "next": the youngest child of the current checked-out version
- "previous" or "prev": the primary (non-merge) parent of "current"
Therefore, you can use these names in a fossil info command, but not in an /info URL, for example.
For embedded documentation URLs only, there is one more special name, "ckout". See its coverage elsewhere for more details. You cannot currently use "ckout" anywhere other than in /doc URLs.
Additional Examples
To view the changes in the most recent check-in prior to the version currently checked out:
fossil diff --from previous --to current
Suppose you are of the habit of tagging each release with a "release" tag. Then to see everything that has changed on the trunk since the last release:
fossil diff --from release --to trunk
Resolution Order
Fossil currently resolves name strings to artifact hashes in the following order:
- Exact matches on the special names
- Timestamps, with preference to ISO8601 forms
- tag:TAGNAME
- root:BRANCH
- start:BRANCH
- merge-in:BRANCH
- TAGNAME:timestamp
- Full artifact hash or hash prefix.
- Any other type of symbolic name that Fossil extracts from artifacts.